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import { TILE_SIZE } from "consts";
import { IndexedImage } from "shared/lib/tiles/indexedImage";
import { rgbToClosestGBCHex } from "shared/lib/color/gbcColors";
type VariableLengthHexPalette = string[];
type SparseHexPalette = [
string | undefined,
string | undefined,
string | undefined,
string | undefined
];
type HexPalette = [string, string, string, string];
export type AutoPaletteResult = {
map: number[];
palettes: HexPalette[];
indexedImage: IndexedImage;
};
/**
* Given raw RGBA pixel data construct:
* + an array of GBC compatible color palettes
* + DMG tile data
* + an attr map from tile index to color palette
*/
export const autoPalette = (
width: number,
height: number,
pixels: Buffer | Uint8ClampedArray
): AutoPaletteResult => {
const xTiles = Math.floor(width / TILE_SIZE);
const yTiles = Math.floor(height / TILE_SIZE);
const paletteCache: Record<string, number> = {};
const allPalettes: VariableLengthHexPalette[] = [];
const tilePaletteMap: number[] = [];
const recolorCache: Record<string, string> = {};
const indexedImage = {
width,
height,
data: new Uint8Array(width * height),
};
// Loop each tile to extract palette used and build
// mapping table from tile to palette
// Keep cache of tile rgb data to hex palette so don't
// evaluate identical tile data multiple times
const tilePaletteCache: Record<string, VariableLengthHexPalette> = {};
for (let tyi = 0; tyi < yTiles; tyi++) {
for (let txi = 0; txi < xTiles; txi++) {
const ti = tyi * xTiles + txi;
const tileKey = tileToCacheKey(pixels, width, txi, tyi);
let palette = tilePaletteCache[tileKey];
if (!palette) {
palette = extractTilePalette(pixels, width, txi, tyi);
tilePaletteCache[tileKey] = palette;
}
const key = palette.join("");
if (paletteCache[key]) {
tilePaletteMap[ti] = paletteCache[key];
} else {
tilePaletteMap[ti] = allPalettes.length;
paletteCache[key] = tilePaletteMap[ti];
allPalettes.push(palette);
}
}
}
// As some tiles may overlap it's possible to compress them further
// mapping table maps original palette index to indexed in compressed list
const { palettes, mappingTable } = compressPalettes(allPalettes);
// Given the extracted colors we can now build the tile data
// and the mapping of tiles to color palette
for (let tyi = 0; tyi < yTiles; tyi++) {
for (let txi = 0; txi < xTiles; txi++) {
const ti = tyi * xTiles + txi;
tilePaletteMap[ti] = mappingTable[tilePaletteMap[ti]];
buildIndexedTile(
pixels,
width,
txi,
tyi,
tilePaletteMap[ti],
palettes[tilePaletteMap[ti]],
recolorCache,
indexedImage
);
}
}
return {
map: tilePaletteMap,
palettes: fillHexPalette(palettes),
indexedImage,
};
};
/**
* Given raw RGBA pixel data and DMG indexed image construct:
* + an array of GBC compatible color palettes
* + an attr map from tile index to color palette
*/
export const autoPaletteUsingTiles = (
width: number,
height: number,
pixels: Buffer | Uint8ClampedArray,
tileData: IndexedImage
): AutoPaletteResult => {
const xTiles = Math.floor(width / TILE_SIZE);
const yTiles = Math.floor(height / TILE_SIZE);
const paletteCache: Record<string, number> = {};
const allPalettes: SparseHexPalette[] = [];
const tilePaletteMap: number[] = [];
// Loop each tile to extract palette used and build
// mapping table from tile to palette
// using the DMG tile data as a hint for color mapping
for (let tyi = 0; tyi < yTiles; tyi++) {
for (let txi = 0; txi < xTiles; txi++) {
const ti = tyi * xTiles + txi;
const palette = extractTilePaletteWithHint(
pixels,
width,
txi,
tyi,
tileData
);
const key = JSON.stringify(palette);
if (paletteCache[key]) {
tilePaletteMap[ti] = paletteCache[key];
} else {
tilePaletteMap[ti] = allPalettes.length;
paletteCache[key] = tilePaletteMap[ti];
allPalettes.push(palette);
}
}
}
// As some tiles may overlap it's possible to compress them further
// mapping table maps original palette index to indexed in compressed list
const { palettes, mappingTable } = compressSparsePalettes(allPalettes);
// Build mapping of tiles to color palette
for (let tyi = 0; tyi < yTiles; tyi++) {
for (let txi = 0; txi < xTiles; txi++) {
const ti = tyi * xTiles + txi;
tilePaletteMap[ti] = mappingTable[tilePaletteMap[ti]];
}
}
return {
map: tilePaletteMap,
palettes: fillHexPalette(palettes),
indexedImage: tileData,
};
};
/**
* Build a cache key for a given tile's pixel data
*/
const tileToCacheKey = (
pixels: Buffer | Uint8ClampedArray,
width: number,
tileX: number,
tileY: number
): string => {
const startX = tileX * TILE_SIZE;
const endX = (tileX + 1) * TILE_SIZE;
const startY = tileY * TILE_SIZE;
const endY = (tileY + 1) * TILE_SIZE;
const values: number[] = [];
for (let yi = startY; yi < endY; yi++) {
for (let xi = startX; xi < endX; xi++) {
const i = (yi * width + xi) * 4;
values.push(pixels[i]);
values.push(pixels[i + 1]);
values.push(pixels[i + 2]);
}
}
return values.join();
};
/**
* For a given tile color data extract the first four colors found sorted by perceptual lightness
*/
const extractTilePalette = (
pixels: Buffer | Uint8ClampedArray,
width: number,
tileX: number,
tileY: number
): VariableLengthHexPalette => {
const startX = tileX * TILE_SIZE;
const endX = (tileX + 1) * TILE_SIZE;
const startY = tileY * TILE_SIZE;
const endY = (tileY + 1) * TILE_SIZE;
const seenColorLookup: Record<string, boolean> = {};
const colors: VariableLengthHexPalette = [];
for (let yi = startY; yi < endY; yi++) {
for (let xi = startX; xi < endX; xi++) {
const i = (yi * width + xi) * 4;
const key = `${pixels[i]},${pixels[i + 1]},${pixels[i + 2]}`;
if (!seenColorLookup[key]) {
seenColorLookup[key] = true;
const hex = rgbToClosestGBCHex(pixels[i], pixels[i + 1], pixels[i + 2]);
colors.push(hex);
if (colors.length === 4) {
return sortHexPalette(colors);
}
}
}
}
return sortHexPalette(colors);
};
/**
* For a given tile color data and DMG tile hint extract a sparse palette mapping from DMG index to color
*/
const extractTilePaletteWithHint = (
pixels: Buffer | Uint8ClampedArray,
width: number,
tileX: number,
tileY: number,
indexedImage: IndexedImage
): SparseHexPalette => {
const startX = tileX * TILE_SIZE;
const endX = (tileX + 1) * TILE_SIZE;
const startY = tileY * TILE_SIZE;
const endY = (tileY + 1) * TILE_SIZE;
const seenColorLookup: Record<string, boolean> = {};
const colors: SparseHexPalette = [undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined];
let seenCount = 0;
for (let yi = startY; yi < endY; yi++) {
for (let xi = startX; xi < endX; xi++) {
const ii = yi * width + xi;
const i = ii * 4;
const index = indexedImage.data[ii];
Iif (colors[index]) {
continue;
}
const key = `${pixels[i]},${pixels[i + 1]},${pixels[i + 2]}`;
Iif (!seenColorLookup[key]) {
seenColorLookup[key] = true;
const hex = rgbToClosestGBCHex(pixels[i], pixels[i + 1], pixels[i + 2]);
colors[index] = hex;
seenCount++;
Iif (seenCount === 4) {
return colors;
}
}
}
}
return colors;
};
/**
* Sort palette by perceptual lightness
*/
const sortHexPalette = (
input: VariableLengthHexPalette
): VariableLengthHexPalette => {
return input
.map((hex) => ({ hex, lightness: chroma(hex).lab()[0] }))
.sort(sortLightnessProp)
.map(({ hex }) => hex);
};
/**
* Given a palette for a selected tile build DMG indexed tile data
* by finding closest palette color for each pixel in tile
*/
const buildIndexedTile = (
pixels: Buffer | Uint8ClampedArray,
width: number,
tileX: number,
tileY: number,
paletteIndex: number,
palette: VariableLengthHexPalette,
recolorCache: Record<string, string>,
indexedImage: IndexedImage
): void => {
const startX = tileX * TILE_SIZE;
const endX = (tileX + 1) * TILE_SIZE;
const startY = tileY * TILE_SIZE;
const endY = (tileY + 1) * TILE_SIZE;
const indexCache: Record<string, number> = {};
for (let yi = startY; yi < endY; yi++) {
for (let xi = startX; xi < endX; xi++) {
const ii = yi * width + xi;
const i = ii * 4;
// Cache key for this RGB + Palette index combination
const key = `${paletteIndex}:${pixels[i]},${pixels[i + 1]},${
pixels[i + 2]
}`;
// Check local cache for RGB to index value
if (!indexCache[key]) {
// Otherwise check image wide cache for palette + RGB to closest hex
if (!recolorCache[key]) {
recolorCache[key] = findClosestHexColor(
rgbToClosestGBCHex(pixels[i], pixels[i + 1], pixels[i + 2]),
palette
);
}
const color = recolorCache[key];
const index = palette.indexOf(color);
indexCache[key] = index;
}
indexedImage.data[ii] = indexCache[key];
}
}
};
/**
* Calculate quick rough distance between two hex colors
*/
const manhattanHexDistance = (color1: string, color2: string): number => {
const r1 = parseInt(color1.substring(0, 2), 16);
const g1 = parseInt(color1.substring(2, 4), 16);
const b1 = parseInt(color1.substring(4, 6), 16);
const r2 = parseInt(color2.substring(0, 2), 16);
const g2 = parseInt(color2.substring(2, 4), 16);
const b2 = parseInt(color2.substring(4, 6), 16);
return Math.abs(r1 - r2) + Math.abs(g1 - g2) + Math.abs(b1 - b2);
};
/**
* Given a calculated palette find the closest match to a given hex color
*/
const findClosestHexColor = (
color: string,
palette: VariableLengthHexPalette
): string => {
let closestColor = palette[0];
let minDistance = Infinity;
for (const paletteColor of palette) {
const distance = manhattanHexDistance(color, paletteColor);
if (distance < minDistance) {
minDistance = distance;
closestColor = paletteColor;
}
}
return closestColor;
};
/**
* Compress array of hex palettes by merging overlapping palettes
* builds a mapping table from old palette to new index
*/
const compressPalettes = (allPalettes: VariableLengthHexPalette[]) => {
// Early exit if 8 or fewer palettes are provided
Iif (allPalettes.length <= 8) {
const mappingTable = allPalettes.map((_, index) => index);
return { palettes: allPalettes, mappingTable };
}
let outPalettes = [...allPalettes];
// let labPalettes = allPalettes.map((palette) => palette.map((hex) => ({hex, chroma:chroma(hex)})));
const originIndices: number[][] = allPalettes.map((_, index) => [index]); // Tracks original indices for each new palette
// Sort with largest palettes first before merging
// Need to tests to see if this is needed
// If it is needs a mapping table update
// labPalettes = labPalettes.sort((a, b) => b.length - a.length);
// Merge overlapping palettes
let merged = true;
while (merged) {
merged = false;
for (let i = 0; i < outPalettes.length; i++) {
for (let j = i + 1; j < outPalettes.length; j++) {
const combined = [...outPalettes[i], ...outPalettes[j]];
const uniqueColors = new Set(combined);
if (uniqueColors.size <= 4) {
outPalettes[i] = Array.from(uniqueColors);
originIndices[i] = [...originIndices[i], ...originIndices[j]]; // Merge origin indices
outPalettes.splice(j, 1);
originIndices.splice(j, 1); // Remove the merged palette's origin indices
merged = true;
break;
}
}
if (merged) break;
}
}
// Sort palettes by lightness
outPalettes = outPalettes.map(sortHexPalette);
// Generate mapping table
const mappingTable = new Array(allPalettes.length)
.fill(0)
.map((a, i) => i % 8);
originIndices.forEach((origins, newIndex) => {
origins.forEach((origin) => {
mappingTable[origin] = newIndex % 8;
});
});
return { palettes: outPalettes, mappingTable };
};
/**
* Sort function comparing two Chroma Colors in LAB space by perceptual lightness
*/
const sortLightnessProp = <T extends { lightness: number }>(a: T, b: T) =>
b.lightness - a.lightness;
/**
* Determine if two sparse palettes contain enough overlap to be mergable
*/
const canMergeSparsePalette = (
palette1: SparseHexPalette,
palette2: SparseHexPalette
): boolean => {
// Check every color in both palettes is able to merge
return palette1.every((color1, index) => {
const color2 = palette2[index];
// Can merge empty spaces
Iif (color1 === undefined || color2 === undefined) {
return true;
}
// Or can merge if colors at index are identical
return color1 === color2;
});
};
/**
* Combine two sparse RGB palettes to include all colors from both palettes
* must confirm palettes are able to be merged with canMergeSparsePalette() first
*/
const mergeSparsePalette = (
palette1: SparseHexPalette,
palette2: SparseHexPalette
): SparseHexPalette => {
const merged: SparseHexPalette = [undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined];
for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
merged[i] = palette1[i] !== undefined ? palette1[i] : palette2[i];
}
return merged;
};
/**
* Compress array of sparse palettes by merging overlapping palettes
* builds a mapping table from old palette to new index
*/
const compressSparsePalettes = (allPalettes: SparseHexPalette[]) => {
const indexedPalettes = allPalettes.map((palette, index) => ({
palette,
index,
numDefined: palette.reduce((memo, color) => memo + (color ? 1 : 0), 0),
}));
// Sort indexed palettes by the number of defined colors, descending
// to reduce fragmentation of palettes
indexedPalettes.sort((a, b) => b.numDefined - a.numDefined);
const palettes: SparseHexPalette[] = [];
const mappingTable: number[] = Array(allPalettes.length).fill(-1);
// Merge overlapping palettes and build mapping table
indexedPalettes.forEach(({ palette, index }) => {
let merged = false;
for (let i = 0; i < palettes.length; i++) {
Iif (canMergeSparsePalette(palettes[i], palette)) {
palettes[i] = mergeSparsePalette(palettes[i], palette);
mappingTable[index] = i;
merged = true;
break;
}
}
Iif (!merged) {
palettes.push(palette);
mappingTable[index] = palettes.length - 1;
}
});
return { palettes, mappingTable };
};
/**
* Given an array of hex palettes
* fill them so each contains four values
*/
const fillHexPalette = (
palettes: Array<VariableLengthHexPalette | SparseHexPalette>
): HexPalette[] => {
return palettes.map((palette) => {
return [
palette[0] ?? "000000",
palette[1] ?? "000000",
palette[2] ?? "000000",
palette[3] ?? "000000",
];
});
};
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